Northumbria, Rise and Fall of a Nation
Great Britain was formed of many lesser nations brought (read conquered) together by Wessex, one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. However, what about the other six kingdoms that shared the island? Technically speaking, they weren't precisely seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (also known as Heptarchy) as sub-kingdoms, and political division existed. For the sake of convenience, they are referred to as Mercia, East-Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and the one that interests us today, Northumbria. Northumbria came into existence around the year 654, when the smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira unified. Both countries were often at odds, most likely over territorial disputes, but were first brought together by Aethelfrith, a king of Bernicia. The details of how he succeeded in unifying them aren't known. However, we do know that around the year 604, he managed to exile the current king of Deira, Edwin, to the court of King Raedwald of Eats-Anglia. This marked the unification of both countrie...